April 8, 2018

Urticaria

Urticaria or ‘hives’ or ‘nettle rash’ consists of blancheable, erythematous, oedematous papules or ‘weals’ vary in size from 1 mm to many centimetres –‘giant urticaria’, and are usually intensely itchy.

The weals are generally transient, lasting for only a few hours at one place but can be shifting to another place means most of the urticarial rashes move around the body. Women are generally more affected than males.

Many of the times urticaria is associated with angioedema means swelling, most of the time it is a self-limiting condition.

Vasoactive mediators, like histamine predominantly, released from mast cells is the causative agent.

Urticaria most of the time is idiopathic, but can be immunological & non-immunological.these are the various types

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions –‘contact urticaria’

Non-IgE-mediated food-related urticaria

Physical urticaria

Drug-related urticaria

Infection-related urticaria

Urticaria related to medical conditions

Hormone-related urticaria

Stress-related urticaria

Urticaria related to histamine-releasing autoantibodies (autoimmune urticaria)

 

Treatments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proper counselling and the knowledge about the disease.

Antihistaminics like Cetirizine, desloratidine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, loratidine and mizolastineare the first line treatment choice. Ituximab and Mycophenolate mofetil can be used sometime.

Corticosteroids can be useful in the severe cases.

Drugs like Colchicine, dapsone or hydroxychloroquine can be used in cases with antihistaminics resistant.

Some measures help you to control urticaria like avoid wearing tight fitting clothing. Do not use harsh soaps and avoid scratching the skin. Avoid triggers that are known to cause urticaria, such as alcohol, food additives, certain foods, pain relievers and stress. Try relaxation techniques, such as yoga or acupuncture. One may also have success with supplements, such as fish oil, vitamins B-12, C and D.

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Fames amet, amet elit nulla tellus, arcu.

Ichthyosis (ick-thee-OH-sis) is a skin disease that causes extremely dry, thick, and scaly skin resembles fish scales.

These are a heterogeneous group of disorders with both inherited and acquired forms. these are the types
Ichthyosis Vulgaris- Most common type of icthyosis Lamellar Ichthyosis- Lamellar ichthyosis is characterized by dark, plate (armor)-like scale. Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis- characterized by generalized redness and fine white scale Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma- newborn infant with ichthyosis who presented at birth with collodion baby appearance. X-linked Ichthyosis- due to a defect in the enzyme steroid sulfatase, affects males with generalized scaling that usually begins soon after birth.

Ichthyosis Treatment

Several hours each day may need to be devoted the skin if ichthyosis is present in an individual. Daily, a person will need to take a shower or a bath. The skin should be exfoliated on a daily basis, and moisturised well. Moisturising ointments or creams may need to be prescribed by a dermatologist for the individual. Oral retinoids can be prescribed to reduce scaling. If a secondary infection occurs on the skin, oral antibiotics will need to be prescribed. Tips that will help keep the skin looking and feeling its best include applying a good quality lotion within 3 minutes of bathing. Apply to wet skin to keep moisture trapped into the skin. Products that contain lactic acid, alpha hydroxy acids and urea will help to keep skin not only moisturised but also exfoliated. Rubbing a wet pumice stone over crusty scales on the skin can help to remove them. Should there be scales on the scalp, brushing wet hair gently will aid in removing the scales.  

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