April 8, 2018

Granuloma Annulare

Granuloma annulare is the most common non-infectious granulomatous disease. The disease is benign and often self-limited. Granuloma annulare represent as erythematous plaques or papules arranged in an circular configuration on the upper limbs. Localized, Generalized, Perforating, Patch and Subcutaneous are the variants of granuloma annulare. Sometimes it is associated with more serious conditions such as HIV or malignancy, despite being a benign disease.

Granuloma Annulare Treatment

Lesions of GA usually regress but tends to recur thats why treatment is required.

Intralesional steroid injection is the treatment of choice

Phototherapy, Excimer laser and pulsed dye laser is sometime useful.

Hydroxychloroquine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors have shown efficacy in treating generalized and recalcitrant granuloma annulare. In addition to the therapy mentioned above, vitamin E, isotretinoin, tetracyclines, intralesional interferons, topical imiquimod, niacinamide, oral calcitriol, dapsone, hydroxyurea, topical tacrolimus, clofazimine, and rifampin have been tried and reported to be effective in some cases.

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Fames amet, amet elit nulla tellus, arcu.

Ichthyosis (ick-thee-OH-sis) is a skin disease that causes extremely dry, thick, and scaly skin resembles fish scales.

These are a heterogeneous group of disorders with both inherited and acquired forms. these are the types

Ichthyosis Vulgaris- Most common type of icthyosis Lamellar Ichthyosis- Lamellar ichthyosis is characterized by dark, plate (armor)-like scale. Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis- characterized by generalized redness and fine white scale Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma- newborn infant with ichthyosis who presented at birth with collodion baby appearance. X-linked Ichthyosis- due to a defect in the enzyme steroid sulfatase, affects males with generalized scaling that usually begins soon after birth.

Ichthyosis Treatment

Several hours each day may need to be devoted the skin if ichthyosis is present in an individual. Daily, a person will need to take a shower or a bath. The skin should be exfoliated on a daily basis, and moisturised well. Moisturising ointments or creams may need to be prescribed by a dermatologist for the individual. Oral retinoids can be prescribed to reduce scaling. If a secondary infection occurs on the skin, oral antibiotics will need to be prescribed. Tips that will help keep the skin looking and feeling its best include applying a good quality lotion within 3 minutes of bathing. Apply to wet skin to keep moisture trapped into the skin. Products that contain lactic acid, alpha hydroxy acids and urea will help to keep skin not only moisturised but also exfoliated. Rubbing a wet pumice stone over crusty scales on the skin can help to remove them. Should there be scales on the scalp, brushing wet hair gently will aid in removing the scales.

Granuloma Annulare